【英语国际】美俄在叙利亚问题上针锋相对

The U.S. and Russia sparred Monday over who is to blame for a year of deepening violence in Syria and how to respond, facing off one day after the latest failed diplomatic attempt to end the violence.

Both Washington and Moscow have called for an end to Syria's conflict, which the U.N. has said has left more than 7,500 people dead. But open divisions over how to do so has left the international community deadlocked.

Former U.N. Secretary-General Kofi Annan, representing sputtering international hopes for ending Syria's violence, left Damascus on Sunday without an agreement from President Bashar al-Assad's regime or its opponents to stop the violence, or from the government to let humanitarian aid in.

Citing 'grave and appalling reports of atrocities and abuses,' Mr. Annan called for an end of violence. But he conceded it won't be easy.

Pro-government gunmen killed at least 16 people Sunday night, including children, in Homs, the Associated Press reported, citing the British-based Syrian Observatory for Human Rights. A second group, the Local Coordination Committees, said 45 people including children were killed in Homs, a recently recaptured rebel stronghold, the AP said. State media in Damascus confirmed killings in Homs but blamed 'armed terrorists,' the AP reported.

At the U.N., Russian Foreign Minister Sergei Lavrov condemned what he called support for terrorists by foreign governments, which he didn't name, in an attempt to overthrow the legal authorities in Damascus. He also railed against the arming of the Syrian population. 'Interference from outside, using raw military force, increases the illicit spread of arms,' Mr. Lavrov said, 'thus jeopardizing stability in the region.'

U.S. Secretary of State Hillary Clinton suggested Russia was guilty of standing silent while the Assad regime killed its own people. She portrayed Syria's crisis as a legitimate revolt of the Syrian people against a dictatorial regime. 'We reject any equivalence between premeditated murders by a government's military machine, and the actions of civilians under siege driven to self-defense,' she said.

The clash came during an open meeting of the U.N. Security Council on Monday organized by the U.K., which is overseeing this month's council proceedings. Billing the session as a discussion of the Arab Spring, it invited foreign ministers of countries that have ousted their leaders─Egypt, Tunisia and Libya─to speak. But these ministers didn't attend, and the focus of the meeting rested almost entirely on Syria.

While Mr. Lavrov said Syrian authorities 'bear a huge share of responsibility for the current situation,' he also said that 'for a long time now they have not been fighting unarmed men but combat units,' which he said included al Qaeda.

While the U.S. has said it wouldn't arm the opposition, it hasn't condemned other countries that may already be doing so. Western diplomats acknowledge that both Qatar and Saudi Arabia, who have both called for arming the rebels, have already begun to do so, a charge both countries reject.

The U.S. and Arab nations have called for Mr. Assad to step aside. Mr. Lavrov arrived in New York from Cairo, where he agreed on a five-point plan with the Arab League, minus the league's demand that Mr. Assad step aside.

美国和俄罗斯周一就谁该为叙利亚一年来不断恶化的暴力局势负责以及该如何应对叙利亚问题打起了口水战。在两国相持不下的前一天，结束叙利亚暴力局势的最新外交尝试以失败告终。

华盛顿和莫斯科都一直在呼吁结束叙利亚冲突。联合国曾声言，叙利亚冲突已经造成逾7,500人死亡。不过，在如何结束冲突方面的公开分歧令国际社会陷入了僵局。

前联合国秘书长安南(Kofi Annan)周日离开叙利亚首都大马士革。他未能从叙利亚总统阿萨德(Bashar al-Assad)领导的政府或反对派获得有关结束暴力局势的协议，也未能说服叙利亚政府允许人道主义救援进入该国。安南此行意味着国际社会对结束叙利亚暴力局势尚存一些希望。

安南称，鉴于有关暴行的骇人听闻的报道，他呼吁结束暴力活动。但他承认这不是件容易的事。

据美联社(Associated Press)援引总部位于英国的叙利亚人权观察组织(Syrian Observatory for Human Rights)的话报道，周日晚间，支持政府的袭击者在霍姆斯(Homs)杀害了至少16人，其中包括儿童。据美联社报道，另外一个反对派组织地方协调委员会(Local Coordination Committees)说，在霍姆斯有包括儿童在内的45人遇害。美联社报道说，大马士革的官方媒体证实了霍姆斯袭击事件，但称此事为武装恐怖分子所为。霍姆斯是反对派大本营，近期被政府军重新夺回。

在联合国总部，俄罗斯外交部长拉夫罗夫(Sergei Lavrov)谴责了外国政府对恐怖分子的支持，称这样做是为了推翻叙利亚的合法政府。但他没有指明是哪些外国政府。他还批评了武装叙利亚民众的行为。拉夫罗夫说，外部赤裸裸地利用武力对叙利亚进行干预，使得武器得以非法扩散，进而给该地区的稳定带来威胁。

美国国务卿克林顿(Hillary Clinton)暗指俄罗斯应该对在阿萨德政府杀害叙利亚人民时保持沉默感到愧疚。她称叙利亚危机是叙利亚人民对独裁政府的合法反抗。她说，我们反对任何将政府军事机器有预谋的杀戮行为与被围困平民被迫进行抵抗的行动混为一谈的行径。

冲突发生正值周一在英国的组织下召开联合国安理会公开会议之际。英国是本月安理会轮值主席国。会议主题原本是讨论“阿拉伯之春”(Arab Spring)运动，会议邀请了本国领导人被推翻国家的外交部长发言，包括埃及、突尼斯和利比亚。不过，这些外长没有出席会议，会议的焦点则几乎完全集中在叙利亚问题上。

尽管拉夫罗夫说叙利亚政府对目前的局势负有重大责任，但他也说，目前为止很长一段时间中，他们一直没有打击非武装人员，他们打击的是包括基地组织(al Qaeda)在内的作战部队。

尽管美国一直说不会向反对派提供武器，却一直没有谴责其他可能已经开始向反对派提供武器的国家。西方外交人士承认，卡塔尔和沙特阿拉伯都已经开始向叙利亚反对派提供武器。两国对这一指控予以否认。这两个国家都一直在呼吁向反对派提供武器。

美国和阿拉伯国家一直要求阿萨德下台。拉夫罗夫是从开罗赶至纽约的。在开罗，他与阿拉伯国家联盟(Arab League，简称阿盟)就一项五点方案达成了共识，但没有同意阿盟要求阿萨德下台的要求。